C. Montojo and S.M. Courtney (2008) “Differential neural activation for updating rule versus stimulus information in working memory.”  Neuron. 59: 173-182. Flexible, goal-oriented behavior requires active memory maintenance and control of many types of information over short periods of time.  This ability, called “working memory,” has primarily been studied regarding memory for items, such as words or locations. However, currently relevant task rules must also be remembered and controlled.  Using fMRI, Montojo and Courtney (pp.173–182) find that there are both overlapping and distinct neural mechanisms controlling these two forms of workinmemory information. The cover image emphasizes the apparent gradient of information control processing from item-specific information in posterior regions to more abstract relational information in anterior regions of cortex. Illustration copyright 2008, Fabian de Kok-Mercado, All rights reserved.