Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Selected Publications

Pieper AA, Miller E, Khalimonchuk O, Paul BD. STINGing the brain: S-nitrosylation drives neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Chem Biol. 2026 Aug 20;33(8):1065-1067. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2026.07.003.
PMID: 42624084.

Vignane T, Hugo M, Hoffmann C, Reichert P, Katsouda A, D'Andrea D, Wang H, Tromm JV, Miler M, Comas F, Petrovic D, Chen S, Miljkovic JL, Stoychev D, Lacko E, Jovanovic VM, Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Vázquez-Rosa E, Morris JL, Chowdhury SR, Prudent J, Sickmann A, Polovic N, Pieper AA, Davis I, Tokatlidis K, Paul BD, Murphy MP, Münch C, Papapetropoulos A, Milovanovic D, Filipovic MR. Protein thiol alterations drive pathologic liquid-liquid phase separation in the aging brain. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2026 Aug;33(8):1252-1265. doi: 10.1038/s41594-026-01857-w. PMID: 42533105. 

Kim YK, Cha YJ, Park SE, Kim HK, Kwon C, Kim G, Oh YR, Vázquez-Rosa E, Dahiya U, Moinova H, Koh Y, Gao F, Tripathi SJ, Chakraborty S, Jo DG, Woo M, Park H, Myung SJ, Cheon J, Lee Y, Qi X, Paul BD, Fink S, Kasturi L, Lutterbaugh J, Markowitz SD, Pieper AA, Kang YP, Shin MK. Inhibiting 15-PGDH restores redox homeostasis and confers neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol. 2026 Sep;95:104285. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104285. PMID: 42398271. 

Dhar M, Vázquez-Rosa E, Chaubey K, Miller E, Corella SG, Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Das T, Liao X, Alosman MA, Fang H, Koh Y, Sridharan PS, Franke K, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Cintrón-Pérez AA, Tomco T, Indrakumar V, Rubin PJ, Pieper JG, Ashiku LA, Shin MK, Tang X, Padmanabhan R, Haragopal H, Flanagan ME, Jain R, Winters BD, Wilson BM, Paul BD, Jain MK, Pieper AA. Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026 Jun 23;123(25):e2426990123. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2426990123. PMID: 42313933. 

Mesquita M, Figueiredo A, Rastogi ST, Martins R, Ramos S, Pagnotta S, Carlos AR, Costa M, Cardoso S, Novoa A, Mallo M, Paul BD, Jentho E, Soares MP. Hypomorphic biliverdin reductase a mutations define bilirubin anti-malarial threshold. iScience. 2026 Apr 30;29(6):115958. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115958. eCollection 2026 Jun 19. PMID: 42199930. 

Nagy P, Dóka É, Domán A, Paul BD, Balla J, Murphy MP, Winterbourn C, Radi R, Snyder SH, Ignarro LJ, Sies H. Multifaceted roles for persulfide species in redox chemical biology. Nat Chem Biol. 2026 Apr;22(4):540-555. doi: 10.1038/s41589-026-02142-z. PMID: 41731189.

Vázquez-Rosa E, Shin MK, Chaubey K, Barker S, Corella SG, Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Yu Y, Hyung J, Dashora H, Hao J, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Bud Z, Dhar M, Miller E, Koh Y, Lindley KP, Indrakumar V, Rodriguez RA, Mapuskar KA, Schoenfeld JD, Fujioka H, Szweda LI, Wilson BM, Yu JS, Paul BD, Spitz DR, Allen BG, Pieper AA. P7C3-A20 prevents whole brain radiotherapy-induced chronic hippocampal redox imbalance and neuropsychiatric impairment in mice. Redox Biol. 2026 Apr;91:104052. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104052. PMID: 41680036.

Chakraborty S, Jamuna Tripathi S, Vázquez-Rosa E, Chaubey K, Fujioka H, Miller E, Tyagi R, Vignane T, Sharma SM, Thomas B, Weil ZM, Nelson RJ, Filipovic MR, Orsburn BC, Snyder SH, Pieper AA, Paul BD. Cystathionine γ-lyase is a major regulator of cognitive function through neurotrophin signaling and neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Dec 30;122(52):e2528478122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2528478122. PMID: 41452980. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/2025/12/experiments-advance-potential-of-protein-that-makes-hydrogen-sulfide-as-a-therapeutic-target-for-alzheimers-disease.
https://www.baltimoresun.com/2026/01/12/new-drug-target-for-alzheimers/

Chaubey K, Vázquez-Rosa E, Tripathi SJ, Shin MK, Yu Y, Dhar M, Chakraborty S, Yamakawa M, Wang X, Sridharan PS, Miller E, Bud Z, Corella SG, Barker S, Caradonna SG, Koh Y, Franke K, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Rose S, Fang H, Cintrón-Pérez AA, Tomco T, Zhu X, Fujioka H, Gefen T, Flanagan ME, Williams NS, Wilson BM, Chen L, Dou L, Cheng F, Rexach JE, Woo JA, Kang DE, Paul BD, Pieper AA. Pharmacologic reversal of advanced Alzheimer's disease in mice and identification of potential therapeutic nodes in human brain. Cell Rep Med. 2026 Jan 20;7(1):102535. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102535. PMID: 41435831. 

Pieper AA, Paul BD. Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling in Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2026;292:65-93. doi: 10.1007/164_2025_757. PMID: 41398098.

Paul BD, Ignarro LJ, Lipton SA. Gasotransmitter signaling in the brain: New frontiers for therapeutics. Neurotherapeutics. 2025 Oct;22(6):e00784. doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00784. PMID: 41188152. 

Vasavda C, Kothari R, Ammal Kaidery N, Chakraborty S, Jamuna Tripathi S, Dhindsa RS, Ricco C, Shanmukha S, Saberi S, Lefler JE, Kothari P, Chaubey K, Snowman AM, Ostrowski MC, Barone E, Iyer LM, Aravind L, Sharma SM, Pieper AA, Thomas B, Snyder SH, Paul BD. Biliverdin reductase A is a major determinant of protective NRF2 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Oct 7;122(40):e2513120122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2513120122. PMID: 41026820. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/2025/11/protein-plays-unexpected-dual-role-in-protecting-brain-from-oxidative-stress-damage

Pieper AA, Paul BD. Synergistic mitochondrial impairment by endogenously elevated cyanide and hydrogen sulfide in Down syndrome; commentary on: Cyanide overproduction impairs cellular bioenergetics in Down syndrome.
Neurotherapeutics. 2025 Oct;22(6):e00757. doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00757. PMID: 41006120. 

Hushpulian DM, Kaidery NA, Soni P, Poloznikov AA, Zakhariants AA,  
Razumovskaya AV, Silkina MO, Tishkov VI, Kazakov EH, Brown AM, Gaisina IN, Ahn YH, Kazakov SV, Krucher N, Sharma SM, Paul BD, Gazaryan IG, Nikulin SV, Thomas B. Functional analysis of bipartite NRF2 activators that overcome feedback regulation for age-related chronic diseases. Redox Biol. 2025 Oct;86:103794. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103794. PMID: 40779837.

Soni P, Paswan S, Paul BD, Thomas B. Intersection of H₂S and Nrf2 signaling: Therapeutic opportunities for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotherapeutics. 2025 Oct;22(6):e00627. doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00627PMID: 40544135.

Figueiredo A, Rastogi ST, Ramos S, Nogueira F, De Villiers K, de Sousa AGG, Votborg-Novél L, von Wedel C, Tober-Lau P, Jentho E, Pagnotta S, Mesquita M, Cardoso S, Bortolussi G, Muro AF, Tranfield EM, Thibaud J, Duarte D, Sousa AL, Pinto SN, Kitoko J, Mombo-Ngoma G, Mischlinger J, Junttila S, Alenquer M, Amorim MJ, Vasavda C, Bosma PJ, Violante S, Drotleff B, Paixão T, Portugal S, Kurth F, Elo LL, Paul BD, Martins R, Soares MP.  A metabolite-based resistance mechanism against malaria Science 2025 Jun 12;388(6752):eadq6741. PMID: 40504905. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/2025/06/study-highlights-role-of-jaundice-associated-pigment-in-protecting-against-malaria

Koh Y, Vázquez-Rosa E, Gao F, Li H, Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Barker S, Bud Z, Bangalore A, Kandjoze UP, León-Alvarado RA, Sridharan PS, Cordova BA, Yu Y, Hyung J, Fang H, Singh S, Katabathula R, LaFramboise T, Kasturi L, Lutterbaugh J, Beard L, Cordova E, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Franke K, Fragoso MF, Miller E, Indrakumar V, Noel KL, Dhar M, Ajroud K, Zamudio C, Lopes FBTP, Bambakidis E, Zhu X, Wilson B, Flanagan ME, Gefen T, Fujioka H, Fink SP, Desai AB, Dawson D, Williams NS, Kim YK, Ready JM, Paul BD, Shin MK, Markowitz SD, Pieper AA. Inhibiting 15-PGDH blocks blood-brain barrier deterioration and protects mice from Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2025 May 27;122(21):e2417224122. PMID: 40397680. Winner of the PNAS Cozzarelli Prize.

Soni P, Sharma SM, Pieper AA, Paul BD, Thomas B. Nrf2/Bach1 signaling axis: A promising multifaceted therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease Neurotherapeutics. 2025 Apr;22(3):e00586. PMID: 40199685.

Sridharan PS, Koh Y, Miller K, Chakraborty S, Jamuna Tripathi S, Kee T, Chaubey K, Vázquez-Rosa E, Barker S, Leon Alvarado RA, Franke K, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Dhar M, Shin MK, Flanagan M, Castellani RJ, Gefen T, Bykova M, Cheng F, Wilson BM, Fujioka H, Kang DE, Woo JAA, Paul BD, Qi X, Pieper AA. Acutely blocking excessive mitochondrial fission prevents chronic neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury. Cell Rep Med, 2024. Sep 17;5(9):101715. PMID: 39241772.

Paul BD, Pieper AA. Neuroprotective signaling by hydrogen sulfide and its dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2024 Aug 13;82:102511. PMID: 39142018.

Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Lanzillotta S, Greco V, Pagnotta S, Sanchini C, Di Angelantonio S, Forte E, Rinaldo S, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Cimini FA, Barchetta I, Cavallo MG, Urbani A, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F, Paul BD, Perluigi M, Duarte JMN, Barone E.Biliverdin Reductase-A integrates insulin signaling with mitochondrial metabolism through phosphorylation of GSK3β Redox Biol. 2024 Jul;73:103221. PMID: 38843768.

Paul BD, Pieper AA. Neuroprotective Roles of the Biliverdin Reductase-A/Bilirubin Axis in the Brain. Biomolecules. 2024 Jan 28;14(2):155. PMID: 38397392.

Hydrogen sulfide: Recent development of its dual donors and hybrid drugs. Xu S, Shieh M, Paul BD, Xian M. Br J Pharmacol. 2023 Aug 8:10.1111/bph.16211. PMID: 37553774.

Tyagi R, Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Jung IR, Kim SF, Snyder SH, Paul BD. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase modulates redox signaling through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and glutathione metabolism. iScience. 2023 Jun 24;26(7):107199. PMID: 37456841.

Peng YJ, Nanduri J, Wang N, Kumar GK, Bindokas V, Paul BD, Chen X, Fox AP, Vignane T, Filipovic MR, Prabhakar NR. Hypoxia sensing requires H2S-dependent persulfidation of olfactory receptor 78. Sci Adv. 2023 Jul 7;9(27):eadf3026. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3026. PMID: 37406126.

Tripathi SJ, Chakraborty S, Miller E, Pieper AA, Paul BD. Hydrogen sulfide signalling in neurodegenerative diseases. Br J Pharmacol. 2023 Jun 20:10.1111/bph.16170. doi: 10.1111/bph.16170. PMID: 37338307.

Paul BD, Pieper AA. Protective Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide in Alzheimer's Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 May 13;12(5):1095. doi: 10.3390/antiox12051095.

Barker S, Paul BD, Pieper AA. Increased Risk of Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Disease after Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomedicines. 2023 Apr 11;11(4):1154. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11041154. PMID: 37189772.

Paul BD. DUB'ling down uncovers an X-linked vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease. Cell. 2022 Oct 13;185(21):3854-3856. PMID: 36240738.

Paul BD, Sbodio JI, Snyder SH. Mutant Huntingtin Derails Cysteine Metabolism in Huntington's Disease at Both Transcriptional and Post-Translational Levels. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jul 27;11(8):1470. PMID: 36009188.
Vasavda C, Xu R, Liew J, Kothari R, Dhindsa RS, Semenza ER, Paul BD, Green DP, Sabbagh MF, Shin JY, Yang W, Snowman AM, Albacarys LK, Moghekar A, Pardo-Villamizar CA, Luciano M, Huang J, Bettegowda C, Kwatra SG, Dong X, Lim M, Snyder SH. Identification of the NRF2 transcriptional network as a therapeutic target for trigeminal neuropathic pain. Sci Adv. 2022 Aug 5;8(31):eabo5633. PMID: 35921423.

Latour YL, Sierra JC, Finley JL, Asim M, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Smith TM, McNamara KM, Luis PB, Schneider C, Jacobse J, Goettel JA, Calcutt MW, Rose KL, Schey KL, Milne GL, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Paul BD, Snyder SH, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Cystathionine γ-lyase exacerbates Helicobacter pylori immunopathogenesis by promoting macrophage metabolic remodeling and activation. JCI Insight. 2022 Jun 22;7(12):e155338. PMID: 35579952.

Vasavda C, Semenza ER, Liew J, Kothari R, Dhindsa RS, Shanmukha S, Lin A, Tokhunts R, Ricco C, Snowman AM, Albacarys L, Pastore F, Ripoli C, Grassi C, Barone E, Kornberg MD, Dong X, Paul BD, Snyder SH. Biliverdin reductase bridges focal adhesion kinase to Src to modulate synaptic signaling. Sci Signal. 2022 May 10;15(733):eabh3066. PMID: 35536885.

Paul BD, Lemle MD, Komaroff AL, Snyder SH. Redox imbalance links COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Aug 24;118(34):e2024358118. PMID: 34400495 https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2023/07/chronic-fatigue-long-covid-symptoms/674834/
How covid brain fog may overlap with ‘chemo brain’ and Alzheimer’s, The Washington Post (March 27, 2022).

Giovinazzo D, Bursac B, Sbodio JI, Nalluru S, Snowman AM, Whiteman M, Filipovic MR, Snyder SH* and Paul BD*. Hydrogen sulfide mediates neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease by sulfhydration of GSK3β and inhibition of Tau hyper-phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021. Jan 26;118(4):e2017225118. PMID: 33431651. Rotten Egg Gas Could Guard Against Alzheimer’s Disease (hopkinsmedicine.org).

Paul BD*, Lemle MD, Komaroff AL and Snyder SH* Redox Imbalance Links COVID-19 and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021. Aug 24;118(34):e2024358118. (*Corresponding). PMID: 34400495.https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2023/07/chronic-fatigue-long-covid-symptoms/674834/.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/03/27/covid-brain-fog-chemo-brain-alzheimers-disease/. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/covid-19-news-for-many-long-covid-looks-a-lot-like-chronic-fatigue.

Vasavda C, Kothari R, Malla AP, Tokhunts R, Lin A, Ji M, Xu R, Saavedra H, Snowman AM, Ricco C, Albacarys LK , Sbodio JI, Sedlak TW,  Paul BD* and Snyder SH. Bilirubin links heme catabolism to neuroprotection by scavenging superoxide radicals.Cell Chem Biol. 2019; 26(10):1450-1460 (*Corresponding). PMID: 31353321. More Than Just Jaundice: Mouse Study Shows Bilirubin May Protect The Brain (hopkinsmedicine.org).

Zivanovic J, Kouroussis E, Kohl J, Adhikari B,  Schot-Roux S, Thomas D, Miljkovic J, Bursac B, Petrovic D, Jung Y, Miler M, Mitchell SJ,  Milosevic V, Gomes EJ, Benhar M, Gonzales-Zorn B, Ivanovic-Burmazovic I, Torregrossa R, Mitchell JR, Whiteman M, Schwarz G, Snyder SH, Paul BD, Carroll KS, Filipovic MR. Selective persulfide detection reveals evolutionarily conserved anti-aging effects of s-sulfhydration. Cell Metab. 2019; 30(6):1152-1170. PMID: 31735592.

Sedlak TW^#, Paul BD^#, Parker GM, Hester LD, Snowman AM, Taniguchi Y, Kamiya A, Snyder SH and Sawa A. The glutathione cycle shapes synaptic glutamate activity Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019; 116(7):2701-2706.  (^#Co-first author). PMID: 30692251.
 
Sbodio JI^#, Snyder SH* and Paul BD^#*. Golgi stress response reprograms cysteine metabolism to confer cytoprotection in Huntington’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018; 115(4):780-785. PMID: 29317536. (^#Equal contribution,*Corresponding). [A New Signaling Pathway Involving the Golgi Apparatus Identified in Cells With Huntington’s Disease (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Sbodio JI^#, Snyder SH* and Paul BD^#*. Transcriptional control of amino acid homeostasis is disrupted in Huntington’s disease.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016; 113(31):8843-8848. PMID: 27436896. (^#Equal contribution, *Corresponding).  New Evidence: How Amino Acid Cysteine Combats Huntington’s Disease - 07/26/2016 (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Sbodio JI, Paul BD, Machamer C and Snyder SH. Golgi protein ACBD3 mediates neurotoxicity associated with Huntington's Disease. Cell Rep. 2013; 4(5):890-897. PMID: 24012756.

Paul BD, Sbodio JI, Xu R, Vandiver MS, Cha JY, Snowman AM and Snyder SH. Cystathionine g-lyase deficiency mediates neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease. Nature. 2014; 509(7498):96-100. PMID: 24670645. Brain Degeneration In Huntington’s Disease Caused By Amino Acid Deficiency - 03/26/2014 (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Paul BD and Snyder SH. H₂S signaling through protein sulfhydration and beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012; 13(8):499-507.PMID: 22781905. (Cover page article).

Paul BD and Snyder SH. The unusual amino acid L-ergothioneine is a physiologic cytoprotectant. Cell Death Differ. 2010; 17(7):1134-1140. PMID: 19911007.

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